The Ugly Truth About Beauty Essay Example

The Ugly Truth About Beauty Paper M N Matthews, English 21A Section 1225 5 July 2011 The Ugly Truth about Beauty: Summary In the article entitled The Ugly truth about Beauty composed by Dave Barry, Barry delineates how ladies see contrastingly about their appearance than men. Ladies have extremely ridiculous points of view on magnificence. Society and the media, supports low confidence. Making magnificence out of reach for ladies and causing antagonistically influences upon connections. Ladies center such a great amount around their appearance to state â€Å"not great enough†, buying items from the magnificence business. Interestingly, Men then again don't invest as much energy and exertion on their appearance like ladies; they don't spend incalculable hours in the mirror attempting to make sense of why he doesn’t look like Brad Pitt. Rather men would discover some approach to reinforce their confidence that doesn’t require the vibes of Brad Pitt. Anyway to remember that Dave Barry†; A man has composed the article, â€Å"The appalling Truth about Beauty†. Barry suggests that ladies have low confidence, yet regardless of the amount you tell ladies how extraordinary she looks, in her viewpoint she will stand eye to eye in the mirror despite everything reason that something is absent about her appearance. In any case, â€Å"just in light of the fact that WE’RE nitwits, that doesn't mean YOU need to be†. To Agree or Not Yes I do concur with Barry’s appraisal of why there are contrasts in the manners people see themselves. The Beauty Industry and the media is an extraordinary factor, for example, TV. Big names are consistently on T. V. onstantly turning into an objective of what’s next? Children, people watch appears and on occasion give close consideration to them, thinking about what their wearing ,attempting to obtain some much needed education of what to wear and what not to wear. Media consistently discover approaches to an individual brain through commercials. T. V. advertisements advance garments, magnifi cence items embedding the possibility that, â€Å"you need this item to age young† or â€Å"Have an incredible body for the mid year with Nutri-system† ,â€Å"Turn heads with head and shoulders , New and Improved formula†. Notices from the media hugy affect people. We will compose a custom article test on The Ugly Truth About Beauty explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Ugly Truth About Beauty explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on The Ugly Truth About Beauty explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer They purchase these items believing this is the thing that they have to have a body like Jennifer Lopez or having firm skin like another conceived child. All in all Men and ladies have their very own reasons why they want to surrender to the ad’s and buy items in light of what they guarantee to do. I feel that somehow or another ladies and men feel some kind of uncertainty dependent on what society and the media pitch, so they purchase the items with the promising marks of what to look like your best to fit in to the world.

Linguistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Phonetics - Essay Example Moreover, it is basic comprehension of information and dialects as far as their disparities. This can well be clarified by, when one is conceived; one can't have the option to speak with grown-ups who are encompassing us, utilizing their language. Be that as it may, when we arrive at the age of six or seven, we can create sounds, sentences, make rhymes, and get jokes, among different exercises. In this manner, one turns into a decent speaker, in which we as a whole have encounters that learning a language has never been simple, particularly during the primary long periods of our lives, where we amassed a wide scope of information about the language (Fromkin, 2002, Pg 13-15). As indicated by Akmajian (56-58), language speakers appear to have a wide scope of information on their dialects, either by knowing or without staying alert. A few of us have the language of sounds, for instance, consonants. Semantics consequently, tries to research how this sort of information is obtained, just as how it connects with different procedures intellectually. It additionally explores how the information fluctuates starting with one district then onto the next area, starting with one individual then onto the next, notwithstanding how explicit projects in a PC model the information. Moreover, Linguistics likewise study the language structure like expressions and sound, as far as how they can be described, and how assorted language parts connect with others, such as importance and inflection. They likewise work with individuals who chat various dialects and plans cautiously the trials on the most proficient method to respond to all the inquiries on language. Obviously, phonetics is considered as a science. Etymologists are individuals who practice on explicit or various dialects, whose primary objective is to comprehend the language nature all in all. Be that as it may, the principle objective of semantic examination in scholastics is to build comprehension and information on the world. Akmajian (56-58) claims that language is fundamental and all inclusive to every human connection, and information obtained has numerous applications that are handy. Etymologists are set up to discover answers to questions like, how a particular language can be composed and examined, instructing of unknown dialects, discourse synthesization, PC programming and how the issues of language can be redressed and investigated. While contemplating semantics, one gets the opportunity to learn numerous parts of the language, sounds structure and their physical properties (Fromkin, 2002, Pg 13-15). Question 2 Phonology and Morphology is one of part of semantics yet can be clarified in various manners. Fromkin (13-15) features that phonology is sorted out investigation of sounds in language. Individuals who study this part of phonetics are alluded to as phonologists and are worried about sounds that have differentiate in a language yet not others. For instance, Spanish speakers have an i ssue of ch and sh and individuals who communicate in English experience difficulty articulating â€Å"u† in their French words like Wheel and steel they articulate as roue. Then again, morphology is the investigation of arrangement of words. Individuals who study this specific branch considers addresses like, degree to ways words are shaped, on the off chance that they are profitable or not. For instance, they try to respond to addresses like why we state words like delight and appearance, and what decides the words change, such as adding er to descriptive words with regards to making correlations, as pretty gets prettier, or getting a PC perceive the underlying foundations of words to be isolated from their attaches like, creep, slithers, creeping and crept. Sentence structure, which incorporates conditions and expressions empowers an unmistakable division into sentences, expressions and provisions. The relationship of these structures with one another structures sentence st ructure of area. Fromkin (13-15) asserts this is equivalent to morphology, where this sentence structure doesn't concern what the importance of

Zimmerman’s Telegram Research Paper - 275 Words

Zimmerman's Telegram (Research Paper Sample) Content: ZIMMERMANS TELEGRAMName:Course:Date:Zimmermans TelegramThe First World War kicked off before the field of International relations encountered a paradigm shift that saw it move from the traditional geopolitics to contemporary ecopolitics. Geopolitics employed territorial expansionist policies that saw the greater powers wage war against each other or weaker states in a bid to increase or protect their geographical boundaries. The state of the international system at that time informed the United States decision to play a part in the First World War despite its efforts to remain neutral. The following paper seeks to show the role played by the Zimmerman telegram in moving United States towards involvement in the First World War. Zimmermans telegram was the final nail in the coffin towards the Germans efforts to increase their national boundaries since it gave the United States a valid reason to fight against them. United States had remained neutral in the build up to th e First World War but after discovering Germans intentions through the infamous telegram they had no option than wage against them. The telegram threatened the territorial boundaries of the United States at that time since the Germans had promised a part of United States territory to their immediate neighbor Mexico if they joined forces with them. The promised region earlier belonged to Mexico, but they lost it to United States during the Mexican-American war. The Germans had promised Mexico the three states it lost to United States during the aforementioned war. They comprised of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. Germans plot left United States with no option than wage war against them in order to protect their land.It is clearly evident that Zimmermans telegram played a crucial role in the United States in the First World War due to the need to ensure their survival. The existing international system called for any state to use any force possible to ensure its survival. The First W orld War also shaped the destiny of the United States in the international system since it emerged as a great power after the war. Their emergence ...

Analyzing Coastal Management Strategies Essay - 675 Words

Analyzing Coastal Management Strategies Coastal Management strategies need to consider not only physical processes but also factors associated with human geography. Analyse why this is the case. Coastal management is a means of controlling development and change in the coastal zone and undertaking work according to agreed principles and criteria. By taking into account physical and human geography factors and people who come from the local areas views will help to ensure that there is good coastal management strategy. There are usually three stages in a management strategy, understanding the†¦show more content†¦These are things such as sea walls, groynes and revetments. Other hard engineering techniques are things such as the dumping of boulders and sub surface drainage When deciding what coastal management scheme to put in place whether it a sea wall or an area to hold flood water, the people undertaking the project must look at possible solutions that would be best in relation to physical factors the chosen scheme will be the best scheme to limit or stop the thing that is occurring. They are likely to take into account the rock type in the area the height of land, shape of the land and the cause of the problem. Possible and reasonable solutions would be put forward and the best solution in relation to the physical geography is likely to be put in place. On top of the physical considerations come the human considerations these are things such as are they going to cause unsightly views is it going to cause conflict between local people and the local government. Human Factors that effect whether a coastal management scheme is put into place would be things such as, how many people will it be protecting, what type of properties will it be protectin g, (the more expensive properties that are in the area the more likely it is that the area will have a coastal management scheme put in place.) I believe that it is important for all coastalShow MoreRelatedSea Level Rise Paper869 Words   |  4 Pagesland and sea characteristics in coastal areas, some regions are expected to experience a net loss in sea-level due to factors like sediment accretion, sea-level change is becoming a more popular term in regional assessments to capture the net loss and net rise of sea-level. Historic regional sea-level change estimates for the northeast are estimated at ______ (). And future estimates are predicted to raise sea-level an additional ____ to ____ (). 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In particular to the social carrying capacity, the study has verified first difficultyRead MoreDifficulty Of Measuring Social Carrying Capacity2139 Words   |  9 Pagesin measuring social carrying capacity, Jurado, et al. (2011) has used its components as determinates for the study. The study has primarily based on the systematic methodology, whose prime objective is to create synthetic indicators applied to a coastal area. This implies that the study has presumed the complex nature of tourism carrying capacity and considered the measurement having a systematic research design. In particular to the social carrying capacity, the study has verified first difficultyRead Moreadvantages and disadvantages of environmental risk management1374 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Q.1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of environmental risk management?   Advantages: 1. Better strategy of company. Through the environmental risk management, we are going to have a better understanding on the environment, which may make have a better decision making on company strategy. Usually, if we know a place which may suffer from earthquake or tsunami frequently, we may not build or open some department on that place in order to reduce risk. If we have better understandRead MoreAdaptive Capacity Of Coastal Cities3225 Words   |  13 PagesProposal 11-06-14 Adaptive Capacity of Coastal Cities in the Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy: The Role of Government Policy (NOAA) Introduction: The role of government and its response to during Hurricane Sandy in October of 2012 remains a controversial affair to this day. From a policy perspective the United States government, federal, state, and local levels could have been better prepared as described in this proposal. The debate on how well emergency management personnel was put into the national

Cell Phone Addiction and Face to Face Conversation

As cell phones have become more and more common in todays society, some people have a significant issue with not being able to disengage from their cell phone. So-called â€Å"smart phones,† which combine functionality of an organizer, browsing the Internet, playing tunes, and taking pictures, only worsen the reliance on one’s cell phone. Cell phones are no longer just a privilege but now have become a necessity. While using such devices for everyday tasks, work, and socializing with friends and family is perfectly normal, not being able to put them down while engaged in a conversation with your significant other or a friend who’s sitting in front of you may denote an increasing problem. In todays society, cell phones have become an addiction and affect our lives in more negative ways than positive ones, causing face to face communication to become less prevalent and loneliness to become the most common ailment of the modern world. With every passing day, technol ogy continues to takeover daily lives. Regardless of ones gender, age, ethnicity, career or financial status, most people own a cell phone. In fact, 91percent of Americans own a cell phone (Archer). 51 percent of which have opted for a smart phone over a standard cell phone and these numbers are rising. The phone, tablet, computer and other high tech devices have become not just an object, but for many people, their best friend. Many of them begin to feel uneasy if they lose their cell phone, even if it is only forShow MoreRelatedHow Cell Phones Affect Social Behavior1282 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Mobile Phones on Social Skills Kelly Schriever, Matt Seeberger, Mary Sweet, Emily Putnam Elizabethtown College March 17, 2014 Today we live in a world where communication through modern technology is almost required. Everywhere people are texting, emailing, writing blogs, and tweeting. 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Primarily, the development of cellphones which combine different sophisticated features has made the device one of the necessities of life. So far, statistics indicate that the number of cell phones in the world supersedes the total population of people. Most people consider cell phones beneficial because of the level of interconnectedness it creates between people aroundRead MoreHow Does Technology Negatively Affect Daily Lives?1304 Words   |  6 Pagesour conversation because it was fragmented. After that, I logged on Facebook, on which I had already spent all my spare time, trying to catch up with my 1000+ â€Å"friends†. Unfortunately, I found most of them I barely know or see. Oh wait, it’s not a dream. It’s happening in reality. 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According to a study conducted on 404 undergraduate students, three-fourths felt that they are dependent on their phones.() The increasing use and popularity of smartphones are an issue that can cause relationship issues, safety concerns, and distractions all which can be detrimental to society. One of the most detrimental consequences of smartphones is the distraction

The Chorus Of Antigone Essay Example For Students

The Chorus Of Antigone Essay The Chorus of AntigoneThe chorus was not only a major part of Antigone, but also the mostinsightful portion of this plays cast. The members of the chorus tell Creonand the audience very important truths about themselves. Throughout the playthe chorus comments on Creons actions, and gives us all unbiased views on ourhypocritical species. Without a chorus Creons epiphany may never have occurredand we wouldnt have, as easily, seen our personal flaws. The chorus isincluded in a very effective manner, the chorus talks about death, love, andother unconquerable forces that humans eternally try to defeat, it shows theaudience great futility and lets us see the problems we face throughout life. Creon changes greatly throughout the play, he starts as a best friend,or someone out to help the common man, but later in the play he becomes more andmore ruthless as his power corrupts him. At about the time his degradationreaches its climax the chorus interrupts with a song about death, how man cancontrol the most powerful of elements, and tame the wildest beast, yet deathstill comes. He also learns through them some important things about love,especially that it is unconquerable. Through the chorus Creon begins to see that he is wrong and God issuperior to himself, but it takes a lot to shake his belief that a perfectsociety is run by an unrelenting rule. This play also told me a lot abouthumans in general, that the they arent interested in anything but thefulfillment of their own needs, and that they refuse to see that something maybe more powerful than themselves. This revelation is the major theme of theplay and is very important in Creons growth as a person. This play couldnt have existed without a chorus, these singers give toomuch to the structure of the play, without them Creon would never have changedas a person and the play would have been much more ambiguous as to therelationship of Creons problems to our own. With the help of the chorus Creonlearns that he is just a frail being in a world much greater than his ownpitiful kingdom. Because of this he becomes much more god-minded, and sees hisplace in the scheme of things. This play is about loyalty to a much greaterpower, and with the help of the chorus he sees the power he must follow. This entire play runs around the chorus, who gives insight to thecharacters, these actors provide the audience with knowledge about the humancondition, and entertain as well as playing many parts for the characters totalk to. Without their odes, and paeans the play would have been incomplete.

Medical Marijuana free essay sample

Over many years and especially in recent times people have been debating whether or not marijuana should be legalized for medical use. Those who support legalization claim that marijuana has legitimate medical benefits. Many argue that marijuana is a better alternative than pills because it is less addictive and no known marijuana overdoses have been reported, as opposed to the numerous that are reported with prescription drugs every day. Many advocates have also come up with plans to tax and regulate the purchase of cannabis. This tax is supposed to help boost the economy of the state. Those who are opposed to the legalization of medicinal marijuana argue that marijuana is a gateway drug. This means that once people try using marijuana, they will want to experiment with other drugs which are usually much more dangerous. Also, marijuana is considered a schedule one drug. This means that it does not have any medicinal value. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Marijuana or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While many people know that marijuana does indeed have medicinal value, it remains a schedule one drug. Marijuana should be legalized for medical use in The United States because it has numerous medical benefits, it’s a much safer alternative to many prescription drugs, and it will generate tax revenue. For thousands of years humans have been using the cannabis plant. The cannabis plant has numerous benefits. It has been recorded to have been used in food by the Ancient Chinese. It can be used to make clothing, rope, necklaces, and bracelets. And of course, it has been consumed in a variety of different ways. Marijuana was first smoked mainly during religious ceremonies. Over time, civilizations like the Chinese began to experiment with using cannabis as an herbal medicine. Armies would smoke marijuana before going into battle in order to calm themselves down so they didn’t panic while fighting. Later, starting in 1915, in the United States prohibitions started for nonmedical use of marijuana. In 1937 the Marijuana Tax Act made possession of marijuana illegal in the United States, whether it was for recreational or medical use. In 1970 the Controlled Substance Act created schedules to classify drugs. Marijuana was determined a schedule one drug meaning that it has no medicinal value. It remains a schedule one drug to this day. Five years later in 1975, the FDA established the compassionate use program for medical marijuana which decriminalized the cultivation and use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. Only those who were severely ill and had a doctor’s recommendation were able to possess and smoke marijuana. Today 21 states including Washington DC have legalized medical marijuana, California being the first, and Connecticut and Massachusetts being the most recent. These 21 states did not legalize medical marijuana just so that their citizens could legally get high. They legalized it because marijuana has legitimate medical benefits. In the past marijuana has been used medically for pain relief, malaria, constipation, insomnia, depression, anxiety, migraine headaches, epilepsy and more. Modern suggested uses for marijuana include the treatment of nausea and vomiting, glaucoma, AIDS, and multiple sclerosis (MS). In fact, researchers in the United Kingdom did a study to see how marijuana would affect patients with MS. 40% of the patients reported at least a 30% reduction in spasticity, while only 22% of those taking a placebo reported at least a 30% reduction (Durand and Holland 57). Marijuana is one of the most restricted drugs in the United States. It has been seen through studies like the one done in the UK that marijuana has medical benefits, but these studies cannot be conducted in the United States because marijuana is a schedule I substance. As long as marijuana remains in this category of drugs, American scientists and researchers will not be able to conduct research on its possible benefits. Jessica Berg stated in her article â€Å"Smokescreen† that, â€Å"On April 20, 2006, the Food and Drug Administration stated, in an ‘Inter-Agency Advisory regarding Claims That Smoked Marijuana Is a Medicine,’ that it does ‘not support the use of smoked marijuana for medical purposes’† (Berg 1). The FDA must know that cannabis does have medical benefits, yet they refuse to fund research toward it. This is research that could help save tons of lives. Like the life of five year old Charlotte Figi. Charlotte had a severe form of epilepsy called Dravet Syndrome. Dr. Sanjay Gupta visited the Figi’s home in Colorado in his documentary WEED to see how Charlotte’s parents used marijuana to treat her seizures. Before trying cannabis, Charlotte’s parents experimented with many treatments for their daughter. None of them worked. She continued to have hundreds of seizures every week. If her life continued to go on like this she would surely not live for much longer. Just when her parents thought there were no more options, they decided to try medicinal cannabis. At first hesitant, her parents decided to go through with the idea. They didn’t want to get their five year old high, so Charlotte’s parents tried to find a strain of cannabis that was high in cannabidiol (the ingredient in marijuana with medicinal benefits (CBD)) and low in tetrahydrocannabinol (the ingredient that creates euphoria (THC)). Charlotte’s mother extracted the cannabidiol from the cannabis and injected it under Charlotte’s tongue. Charlotte’s number of seizures dropped from hundreds every week to about one every month (Gupta, Dr. Sanjay WEED). Cannabis literally saved Charlotte’s life. It was the only thing that worked for her when all other treatments failed. Dr. Gupta also visited another patient named Chad Moore who uses medicinal marijuana to treat his painful and sometimes hour-long diaphragm spasms. Moore explained to Gupta that he had tried many different pills and medications to treat his disorder and none of them worked. Moore had been hospitalized many times because of near overdoses. Moore experienced spasms on camera, and then consumed cannabis, and the spasms stopped one minute later all in the same take. Gupta was shocked at how fast the cannabis took affect (Gupta, Dr. Sanjay WEED). The experience of working with Charlotte and Chad really changed Gupta’s opinion about medicinal marijuana. In an interview with Piers Morgan on CNN, Dr. Gupta admits publicly that his 2009 Time Magazine article entitled, â€Å"Why I Would Vote No on Pot† does not correctly represent his current views about medicinal marijuana. After creating this documentary, he went from being against the legalization of medical marijuana, to being an advocate for it. Gupta explained to Piers Morgan, â€Å"I did not look far enough. I did not look deep enough. I didn’t listen to patients who said, ‘Not only does marijuana work for me, it’s the only thing that works for me’† (Gupta and Morgan). If more people who are against the legalization of medical marijuana took the time to go out and see the way that it helps people and even saves lives, maybe then they would change their minds. As mentioned before, Colorado is one of 21 states that have legalized medicinal marijuana. It also legalized marijuana for recreational use for those over the age of 21 in 2012. As of the year 2000 approved an amendment to the state constitution which allows a defense to the charge of marijuana possession for approved medicinal marijuana patients and their physicians. The amendment requires that the patient seeking a medical marijuana card to have a diagnosed, debilitating condition and to receive a doctor’s recommendation (Kamin 1). Two members of my own personal family live in Colorado and both have medicinal marijuana cards. My cousin Eric and Uncle Steve both use medicinal marijuana for different ailments. Eric works in the restaurant business and is on his feet several hours a day. This causes him to get very bad knee pains and muscle fatigue in his legs. Not to mention the stress of running a good restaurant. In an interview conducted with Eric he stated, â€Å"Marijuana is better at relieving my muscle pains after work than any kind of pill I have ever taken. I am always nervous taking pain killers because I don’t want to take too many or get any bad side effects. With cannabis I know I won’t overdose and I’m being safe† (Wall-Hauser). Even though Eric uses marijuana every day he says he doesn’t feel like he is addicted to it. He said, â€Å"I don’t come home from working craving to smoke a joint like people crave a cigarette when they don’t have one. I just do it because it makes me feel a lot better† (Wall-Hauser). Eric isn’t the only one in my family who uses medical marijuana. His father, and my uncle, Steve also has a medicinal marijuana card and lives in Colorado. Steve is a doctor, an anesthesiologist specifically, so he has been around different kinds of medicine for about 40 years. Working in a hospital, Steve is up and on his feet walking around for almost the entire day. This can take a toll on a person’s body, especially someone who is 60 years old. Steve said, â€Å"The marijuana really helps a lot with my muscle and joint aches and it doesn’t take very much to have an effect† (Sniadach). He also said that the cannabis helps with his high stress level job and helps him relax in the evenings when he gets home from the hospital. â€Å"Working at a hospital is very stressful. Sick people everywhere. If I mess up my job the patient is going to have a painful procedure. The marijuana helps me cope with a lot of this stress† he said (Sniadach). All 21 states that have legalized marijuana for medical use have some sort of tax system that helps to generate revenue for the state. In the state of Colorado citizens just voted to raise the tax on marijuana to 25%. According to the Colorado State Department of Revenue the state of Colorado generated over five million dollars in the fiscal year of 2012 from the taxation of medical marijuana from dispensaries (Department of Revenue). This money really has helped boost Colorado’s economy and can be put toward state projects like road maintenance, schools, public works projects, and many more. This was just the amount Colorado generated in one year and the number is growing. If all 50 states legalized medicinal marijuana and generated an average of five million dollars in tax revenue, that is an average of 250 million dollars in tax revenue for the entire nation. The struggling economy of the United States would surely benefit from the legalization of medicinal marijuana. Even though there is so much scientific evidence that marijuana does have legitimate medicinal value, many people still do not support its legalization. Many argue that marijuana is a gateway drug, meaning that people who try marijuana will soon want to try other, usually more dangerous drugs, such as cocaine and heroin. Many also argue that if medical marijuana is legalized more teens and young adults will want to use it. Both of these arguments are based around young adults because anti-drug corporations figure if they can stop drug use among teens, then these teens won’t want to use drugs later in life. A study was done in the 1990’s to see if marijuana legalization affected drug-related attitudes and drug use among teens and young adults. This study found that, â€Å"Although some marijuana-related attitudes changed between 1995 and 1999, use did not increase. These findings suggest that recent policy changes have had little impact on marijuana related behavior† (Khatapoush and Hallfors abstract). This study proves that the argument that teens will begin to use marijuana more or will want to experiment with harder drugs is invalid. Those who are against the legalization of medicinal marijuana also bring up the idea that if it was legalized, teens and those under the age of 21 will have an easier time obtaining it. The idea is that teens will know someone that is over 21 and ask the person to get them marijuana with their medicinal card. Medicinal marijuana can only be obtained through dispensaries that are approved by the government, so the act of a young adult getting marijuana from a patient is highly illegal. A study was done to determine if there is a relationship between marijuana use among teens and young adults and ease of access with the number of medicinal marijuana cards at the county level. The study found that living in a county with a higher number of medical marijuana cards did not result in an increased use of marijuana over a 30 day period or over the test subject’s lifetime (Friese and Grube abstract). This study shows that just because a teen may live in an area where many people hold medicinal marijuana cards, they are not more likely to gain access to marijuana or use it illegally. People against the legalization of medical marijuana also argue the idea that people who want to obtain a medical marijuana card will tell their doctor whatever they want to hear just so they can get a card and go get high. The law in Colorado states that it, â€Å"(†¦) requires those seeking to register as marijuana patients to demonstrate a diagnosed, debilitating condition and to receive a doctor’s advice that they might benefit from the medicinal use of marijuana† (Kamin 1). It is true that some people do go to their physicians and claim they get headaches and need to get medical marijuana. These people do not have the intent of using the marijuana for medicinal purposes, but they have a card so it is still legal. This form of â€Å"cheating the system† can be a problem. No one has yet come up with a plan in order to weed (no pun intended) out those patients who really need marijuana for its medical purpose from those who just want to get high. In order to solve this problem, physicians need to have a stricter process for issuing medicinal marijuana cards. If a patient is interested in using cannabis for their illness they need to be tested to make sure that they really have that illness and will benefit from medicinal marijuana. The law states that patients must be diagnosed with the condition, not just say they have it. When the state law says diagnosed they mean by a licensed physician, not a self-diagnosis. If a person does turn out to not have the condition, or it is determined that they will not benefit from medical marijuana, then their request should be rejected. Another way to stop people from obtaining medical marijuana cards just to get high would be to use marijuana as a last-resort medicine. By last-resort medicine, I mean that the patient has tried all other alternatives for their condition and none of them have worked. If a patient just wants to get high, they won’t want to try the alternative medicines because these prescriptions won’t produce the high that marijuana does. If the patient does try all the other alternatives and none of them work, then the physician should consider issuing them a medicinal marijuana card. We saw this with Charlotte Figi’s parents in Dr. Sanjay Gupta’s WEED documentary. Charlotte’s parents tried tons of different medications to treat Charlotte’s epilepsy and after they saw no results, then they turned to trying medical marijuana. Cannabis is a plant that has so many beneficial uses to humankind. Yet its use is restricted. Marijuana has been seen to save lives of those with epilepsy. It has been seen to make those who are extremely weak from chemotherapy able to eat. It has been seen to help those who have terrible muscle pains and migraine headaches. It has relieved the stress of many people and helped those who have extreme anxiety. No deaths have ever been reported from an overdose of marijuana, but accidental overdoses on prescription pills occur every day. Marijuana is also much less addictive than painkillers like Percocet’s and Oxycodone. For some people marijuana is the only thing that makes them feel better. If they live outside of one of the 21 states that have legalized medical marijuana then they are at risk for being arrested even if they use marijuana for medical purposes. If marijuana wasn’t a schedule one substance then maybe scientists could find even more benefits from this amazing plant. Legalizing medical marijuana will help stimulate our nation’s economy. This tax revenue can be used to create better drug education programs, improve public transportation, create public works programs, and many other things. Cannabis is a plant that has endless possibilities. Science has proven its medicinal value and it is time that we recognize the work that these researchers have done and legalize marijuana for medicinal purposes.

Modelling data is concerned with representing real life situations Essay Example

Modelling data is concerned with representing real life situations Essay Example Modelling data is concerned with representing real life situations Essay Modelling data is concerned with representing real life situations Essay Modelling is concerned with representing real life situations. Variables can be changed with a model to find out different outcomes. Modelling has a number of advantages: * It is cheaper to set up a computer model than build the physical model. * The computer model can be changed modified quickly and easily to allow the user to view the effects of changing variables. * You can reset your test as often as you like. * Dangerous situations or conditions can be modelled safely. * Using a computer model speeds up the overall development process. Below are also some various disadvantages: * A computer model may not completely reflect real life situations. * Answers and results are only as good as the model. * Humans are unpredictable in nature so the model may be considered unreliable. The spreadsheet package has been adopted for this modelling situation. This is a package which models and processes numerical data. It is made up of a grid into which numbers are entered. The program contains many mathematical, statistical and financial calculations, which can be applied to the numbers. Spreadsheets can also present the numbers in the form of graphs. Spreadsheet packages come with a library of formulae and functions as part of the program. There are formulae for financial calculations, for handling dates and times, for mathematical and statistical work and for logical expressions. The spreadsheet may contain numbers, text, dates and formulas. Each cell, or a block cells may be formatted so that the contents of the cell is displayed in different ways. When a cell is selected, the contents of the cell are shown on the editing bar but the results of any calculation are displayed in the cell. The power of a spreadsheet comes from its ability to do calculations with numbers. The contents of one cell can be calculated from other cells in the sheet. SITUATION: The Tasty Bakery LTD is a small independent bakery operating in Finchley. Currently all sales information and prices are calculated and processed manually. The management has decided that this is not the most efficient way of keeping track of price increases, unit sales, total sales and total revenue. Currently the companys sales information and prices are calculated and processed manually. The disadvantages of the present method adopted by the company are numerous. Firstly, the manual method takes up valuable space, as files would be stored in filling cabinets. This method would prove difficult in locating specific files and records. Secondly, amendments to records cannot easily be done as they are written on paper, and the paper can easily be damaged or lost. Consequently transportation from place to place of the files would be difficult and tedious. I aim to solve the bakerys problem by constructing and designing a spreadsheet that shall assist the bakery in keeping track of price increases, unit sales, total sales, and the total revenue. The spreadsheet will allow the bakery to store data, such as items being sold, and the selling and buying price of products. It will also store daily and weekly sales and profits for each of the products and calculate the total revenue of the bakery. The spreadsheet will make it simplistic to update, change variables, and calculate profit and losses of the bakery efficiently. The results of the spreadsheet has made it simple for the Bakery to make decisions about which of their products are high in demand and yield the most profit for the bakery. From the results of the spreadsheet it can be seen that the bakery are buying their products for more than they are selling them. This loss can easily be spotted on the spreadsheet in contrast to bakerys previous manual method. Any decision to rectify this loss can be done on the spreadsheet. The spreadsheet contains many patterns, with various parts of the spreadsheet being related. The price relates to the cost; there is a constant proportionality rate between the cost of the product and its selling price. Hence, if the cost of a product is high, so too is its selling price. Another pattern would be the relationship between the revenue and sales. This means that the more sales that the company can make, the higher the revenue made. The revenue also relates to the cost to determine the bakerys profit. This profit can be obtained by subtracting the revenue from the cost. The model operates when the cost of the product has been ascertained. This then affects the selling price of the product, depending on the bakery management. The total sale of the products has to be entered in under the various days of the week. The sales are then cumulated together to give the total weekly sales. The spreadsheet calculates the Total cost by multiplying the cost of the product by its number of sales. This information is then cumulated together to ascertain the total weekly costs. A similar operation is done to obtain the total revenue. The multiplication of the products selling price and its number of sales, gives the total revenue. This is then cumulated to give the total weekly revenue. Finally, the spreadsheet calculates the profit by subtracting the revenue from the cost. This is the cumulated to ascertain the total weekly profit. Each cell has formulas, to which any data entered must comply. Changing the sales section in the spreadsheet to suit present requirements will cause an immediate change in the total cost, total revenue and total profit to comply with these changes. These automatic changes are due to the cells complying with their formula. I tried a number of What if scenarios on my spreadsheet. These were to increase the cost by 20, 40 and 60 per cent respectively. Before I carried out the What if scenarios I decided to make some predictions about what I thought the outcomes would be after the increases. * Because of the increases i 20% INCREASE: As can be seen from a 20% increase of the cost, in the total sales section, the spreadsheet has automatically altered the other sections accordingly. The new total weekly revenue is now à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½743.47 in contrast to the total weekly revenue prior to the increase, which was à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½619.56. 40% INCREASE; From the 40% increase of the cost, in the sales section the new total weekly revenue is now à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½867.39, this is in contrast to the total weekly revenue prior to the increase, which was à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½619.56. 60% INCREASE: As can be seen from a 60% increase of the cost, the total weekly revenue is now à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½991.30; this is in contrast to the total weekly revenue prior to the increase, which was à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½619.56.

Biosensors or enzyme electrodes

Biosensors or enzyme electrodes INTRODUCTION OF BIOSENSORS:- Biosensors or enzyme electrodes invariably refer to such devices that sence and analyze biological informations. A biosensor is a device that detects, records, and transmits information regarding a physiological change or the presence of various chemical or biological materials in the environment. More technically, a biosensor is a probe that integrates a biological component, such as a whole bacterium or a biological product (e.g., an enzyme or antibody) with an electronic component to yield a measurable signal. Biosensors, which come in a large variety of sizes and shapes, are used to monitor changes in environmental conditions. They can detect and measure concentrations of specific bacteria or hazardous chemicals; they can measure acidity levels (pH). In short, biosensors can use bacteria and detect them, too. PRINCIPALS OF BIOSENSORS:- A biosensor essentially comprise of the following two major parts 1- Biological component- For sensing the presence as well as concentration of analyte. In the presence of a certain molecule the biological system changes the environment. The measuring device sensitive to this change sends a signal. This signal can be converted into the measurement parameter. Often the biological system is an actual cell. The key thing to remember is that it is an actual organism that detects the concentration change of the molecule in the media. This organism could be the same one as the one in the media or it could be different. In either case it must be kept separate from the media. This can be done with a membrane that is permeable to the molecule that is being measured but impermeable to the cells and most other macromolecules in the reactor media. 2- Physical component:- Transducer:- A device that converts energy from one form into another e.g., telephone companies use transducers to convert sound energy into electrical energy to be carried long- distance through telephone lines and then another transducer a t the receiving end to convert the electrical energy back into sound A biosensor is a sensing device that consists of a biological component coupled to a transducer that converts biochemical activity into, most commonly, electrical energy. Types of Biosensors:- There are different types of biosensors, which have different applications. These are listed below. Calorimetric biosensor Potentiometric biosensor Amperometric biosensors Optical biosensor Acoustic wave biosensors Calorimetric biosensor:- When the physical change is heat, released or absorbed by the reaction it is calorimetric biosensor. It measures the change in temperature in the solution containing analyte Separate thermistors measure the temperature of the solution before entry into the small packed bed column containing immobilized enzyme and also at the time of leaving the column. Calorimetric biosensors are most widely applicable and can be used to measure turbid and strongly coloured s olutions. Maintenance of constant sample temperature is the disadvantage of this type. At the transducer surface, an electrical potential is produced due to changed distribution of electrons and this type of biosensors are called potentiometric biosensors. They use ion sensitive electrodes, commonly pH meter glass electrodes for cations, glass pH electrodes coated with a gas-selective membrane for CO2, NH3 or H2S or solid-state electrodes. These electrodes convert the biological reaction into electric signal. Potentiometric Biosensors

Body art and ornamentation of the Egyptian Copts and Hindi India Essay

Body art and ornamentation of the Egyptian Copts and Hindi India cultures - Essay Example d person as incomplete and they usually use a matchmaker to find possible marriage couples unlike the Copts who look for their own partners (Lindsey, 2012). After the couples are matched by the matchmaker the go to their parents for approval after which wedding preparations start immediately. These Hindu marriages happen in the most spiritual day- ocuta, early in the moment where the girl is led by the male around a fire (punit) seven times (Lindsey, 2012). The Hindi culture does not consider baptism in water. On the other hand, the Egyptian Copts baptize their children seven days after birth where the child is baptized by the father (Lindsey, 2012). The father washes the child in a washbowl and later prays the Salat elTist- the washbowl prayer. This process tales about 30 minutes and is followed by a two hour prayer where the child is given the holy secrets called the Tanawel (Lindsey, 2012). If a member of the Coptic culture dies, his/her body is washed by a family member, covered by a shroud and the whole family goes to church to pray for the dead. The priest then conducts the funeral service and the body is buried (Lindsey, 2012). There is no specific day for burial. On the other hand, the Indians had dissimilar ways of burying their dead based on their tribe (Lindsey, 2012). Some buried them under the ground in coffin while other burned their dead. The ashes were later buried or conserved in a sacred place depending on their social status (Lindsey, 2012). The principal garment that was worn during the ancient Coptic period was a tunic, usually made of linen but sometimes made of wool, with a tapestry-woven decoration. Over it was the pallium – an oblong cloak which was similarly decorated as the tunic (Dimand, 1930). These tunics had adornments at the front and back together with shoulder bands of dissimilar lengths, and square roundels on the shoulders. The lower edge had trims of horizontal bands that turned at right angles on each side (Dimand, 1930).

Graphic design is the branch of visual art Essay

Graphic design is the branch of visual art - Essay Example By effectiveness, we mean how much power a design has to motivate people or help them identify a company. For example, where a one or two letter sign may be effective in identifying a company such as BP, it is not effective for another company simply identified as B. Plus; presentation of an idea does not necessarily mean it was communicated accurately. A scribbled "keep off grass" sign is not as effective as a neatly designed "keep off grass" sign with an appropriately designed logo. Also, just because a sign communicates effectively does not mean what it communicates is good. Governments have become masters at influencing citizens with graphic design by communicating messages sometimes to support darkly political objectives. Graphic design is the branch of visual art dedicated to communicating messages. It is most used in marketing and brand recognition strategies. Having watch and listened to a video of a talk about design given by David Carson, I walk away with certain understandings about graphic design.

Significance of the Attire of Men and Women in the 18th Century Essay

Significance of the Attire of Men and Women in the 18th Century The attire of men and women in the eighteenth century cemented the roles they were supposed to play. The style of made dress belied his nature as somewhat more free from restrictions whereas the woman, bound by corsets and strict dress-codes found herself held back in clothing as in society. A sphere of influence, behavior and conduct was assigned to both sexes; each was valued for different qualities. These gender distinctions do not allow any overlap between the two sexes. (Marsden, 21) In light of this, society viewed cross-dressing (the practice of one gender dressing themselves in the attire of the other) as a threat to its own structure. For a woman to forsake the clothes and character of women for that of men sounded monstrous. Such a practice would create sexual ambiguity - a woman would assume the clothes of a man and thus the manner and actions of a man, yet her physical nature denied her that right. Cross-dressing creates monstrations - a woman ceases to be a woman after she has assumed male garb and can never hope to be a man. An aversion to cross-dressing has its roots in the Bible: "The women shall not wear that which pertaineth unto a man, neither shall a man put on a woman's garment; for all that do so are abomination unto the Lord thy God" (qtd. in Garber, 28). On August 13, 1597 Queen Elizabeth announced a sumptuary (dealing with attire) proclamation which defined the "separate categories for men's and women's apparel: each took the form of a long list of proscribed items of dress with an indication of who alone was permitted to wear them" (Garber, 26). This law sought to prohibit the rise in classes that was transpiring - ambitious ind... ...both may wear the prototypical shirt and pants}, the gender distinctions become blur. Men feared the idea of women as sexually aggressive as men - or perhaps worse, women who pursued other women. mite simply, the idea of 'gender-swapping' caused fear and anger. Individuals designed the practice to work outside of the uniform social structure; such actions were seen as threats to the social structure. Thus, society acted strictly towards those who thought themselves 'above' social gender laws. Works Cited Garber, Marjorie. Vested Interests: Cross Dressing and Cultural Anxiety. New York: Routledge. 1992. 21-41, 211-215. Marsden, Jean I. "Modesty Unshackled: Dorothy Jordan and the Dangers of Cross-Dressing." Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture vol. 22. Ed. by Patricia B. Craddock and Carla H. Hay. East Lansing, Michigan: Colleagues Press Inc. 1992. 21-36.

Isds Ch 5

Business Intelligence, 2e (Turban/Sharda/Delen/King) Chapter 5 Text and Web Mining 1) DARPA and MITRE teamed up to develop capabilities to automatically filter text-based information sources to generate actionable information in a timely manner. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2Page Ref: 190 2) A vast majority of business data is captured and stored in text documents that are structured. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2Page Ref: 192 3) Text mining is important to competitive advantage because knowledge is power, and knowledge is derived from text data sources. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2Page Ref: 192 ) The purpose and processes of text mining are different from those of data mining because with text mining the input to the process are data files such as Word documents, PDF files, text excerpts, and XML files. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3Page Ref: 192 5) The benefits of text mining are greatest in areas where very large amounts of textual data are being generated, such as law, academic research, finance, and medicine. Ans wer: TRUE Diff: 2Page Ref: 192 6) Unstructured data has a predetermined format. It is usually organized into records as categorical, ordinal, and continuous variables and stored in databases.Answer: FALSE Diff: 2Page Ref: 193 7) Stemming is the process of reducing inflected words to their base or root form. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1Page Ref: 193 8) Stop words, such as a, am, the, and was, are words that are filtered out prior to or after processing of natural language data. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2Page Ref: 193 9) The goal of natural language processing (NLP) is syntax-driven text manipulation. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2Page Ref: 196 10) Two advantages associated with the implementation of NLP are word sense disambiguation and syntactic ambiguity. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2Page Ref: 196 1) By applying a learning algorithm to parsed text, researchers from Stanford University's NLP lab have developed methods that can automatically identify the concepts and relationships between those concepts in the tex t. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2Page Ref: 197 12) Text mining can be used to increase cross-selling and up-selling by analyzing the unstructured data generated by call centers. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1Page Ref: 200 13) Compared to polygraphs for deception-detection, text-based deception detection has the advantages of being nonintrusive and widely applicable to textual data and transcriptions of voice recordings.Answer: TRUE Diff: 2Page Ref: 201 14) The main purpose of establishing the corpus is to collect all of the documents related to the context being studied. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2Page Ref: 207 15) The main categories of knowledge extraction methods are recall, search, and signaling. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2Page Ref: 210 16) Web pages consisting of unstructured textual data coded in HTML and logs of visitors' interactions provide rich data that can easily provide effective and efficient knowledge discovery. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3Page Ref: 217 7) Web crawlers are Web content mining tools that are used to read through the content of a Web site automatically. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1Page Ref: 218 18) Amazon. com leverages Web usage history dynamically and recognizes the user by reading a cookie written by a Web site on the visitor's computer. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1Page Ref: 221 19) The quality of search results is impossible to measure accurately using strictly quantitative measures such as click-through rate, abandonment, and search frequency. Additional quantitative and qualitative measures are required. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2Page Ref: 222 0) Customer experience management applications gather and report direct feedback from site visitors by benchmarking against other sites and offline channels, and by supporting predictive modeling of future visitor behavior. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3Page Ref: 224 21) A vast majority of business data are stored in text documents that are ________. A) mostly quantitative B) virtually unstructured C) semi-structured D) highly structured Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 192 22) Text mining is the semi-automated process of extracting ________ from large amounts of unstructured data sources.A) patterns B) useful information C) knowledge D) all of the above Answer: D Diff: 2Page Ref: 192 23) All of the following are popular application areas of text mining except: A) information extraction B) document summarization C) question answering D) data structuring Answer: D Diff: 2Page Ref: 193 24) Which of the following correctly defines a text mining term? A) Tagging is the number of times a word is found in a specific document. B) A token is an uncategorized block of text in a sentence. C) Rooting is the process of reducing inflected words to their base form.D) A term is a single word or multiword phrase extracted directly from the corpus by means of NLP methods. Answer: D Diff: 3Page Ref: 194 25) ________ is a branch of the field of linguistics and a part of natural language processing that studies the internal structure of words. A) Morphology B) Corpus C) Stemming D) Polysemes Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 194 26) Using ________ as a rich source of knowledge and a strategic weapon, Kodak not only survives but excels in its market segment defined by innovation and constant change. A) visualization B) deception detection C) patent analysis D) semantic cuesAnswer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 194 27) It has been shown that the bag-of-word method may not produce good enough information content for text mining tasks. More advanced techniques such as ________ are needed. A) classification B) natural language processing C) evidence-based processing D) symbolic processing Answer: B Diff: 2Page Ref: 195 28) Why will computers probably not be able to understand natural language the same way and with the same accuracy that humans do? A) A true understanding of meaning requires extensive knowledge of a topic beyond what is in the words, sentences, and paragraphs.B) The natural human language is too specific. C) The part of speech depends only on the definition and not on the context within which it is used. D) All of the above. Answer: A Diff: 3Page Ref: 196 29) At a very high level, the text mining process consists of each of the following tasks except: A) create log frequencies B) establish the corpus C) create the term-document matrix D) extract the knowledge Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 207 30) In ________, the problem is to group an unlabelled collection of objects, such as documents, customer comments, and Web pages into meaningful groups without any prior knowledge.A) search recall B) classification C) clustering D) grouping Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 211 31) The two main approaches to text classification are ________ and ________. A) knowledge engineering; machine learning B) categorization; clustering C) association; trend analysis D) knowledge extraction; association Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 211 32) Commercial software tools include all of the following except: A) GATE B) IBM Intelligent Miner Data Mining Suite C ) SAS Text Miner D) SPSS Text Mining Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 216 33) Why does the Web pose great challenges for effective and efficient knowledge discovery?A) The Web search engines are indexed-based. B) The Web is too dynamic. C) The Web is too specific to a domain. D) The Web infrastructure contains hyperlink information. Answer: B Diff: 2Page Ref: 217 34) A simple keyword-based search engine suffers from several deficiencies, which include all of the following except: A) a topic of any breath can easily contain hundreds or thousands of documents B) many documents that are highly relevant to a topic may not contain the exact keywords defining them C) web mining can identify authoritative Web pages D) many of the search results are marginally or not relevant to the topic Answer: CDiff: 3Page Ref: 217 35) Which of the following is not one of the three main areas of Web mining? A) Web search mining B) Web content mining C) Web structure mining D) Web usage mining Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 218 36) Which of the following refers to developing useful information from the links included in the Web documents? A) Web content mining B) Web subject mining C) Web structure mining D) Web matter mining Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 219 37) A ________ is one or more Web pages that provide a collection of links to authoritative pages, reference sites, or a resource list on a specific topic.A) hub B) hyperlink-induced topic search C) spoke D) community Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 219 38) All of the following are types of data generated through Web page visits except: A) data stored in server access logs, referrer logs, agent logs, and client-side cookies B) user profiles C) hyperlink analysis D) metadata, such as page attributes, content attributes, and usage data Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 220 39) When registered users revisit Amazon. com, they are greeted by name. This task involves recognizing the user by ________. A) pattern discovery B) association C) text miningD) readi ng a cookie Answer: D Diff: 1Page Ref: 221 40) Forward-thinking companies like Ask. com, Scholastic, and St. John Health System are actively using Web mining systems to answer important questions of â€Å"Who? † â€Å"Why? † and â€Å"How? † The benefits of integrating these systems: A) are measured qualitatively in terms of customer satisfaction, but not measured using financial or other quantitative measure. B) can be significant in terms of incremental financial growth and increasing customer loyalty and satisfaction. C) have not yet outweighed the costs of the Web mining systems and analysis.D) can be infinitely measurable. Answer: B Diff: 3Page Ref: 222 41) ________ is the semi-automated process of extracting patterns from large amounts of unstructured data sources. Answer: Text mining Diff: 1Page Ref: 192 42) ________ is the process of identifying valid, novel, potentially useful, and ultimately understandable patterns in data stored in structured database s, where the data are organized in records structured by categorical, ordinal, or continuous variables. Answer: Data mining Diff: 1Page Ref: 192 43) ________ is the grouping of similar documents without having a predefined set of categories.Answer: Clustering Diff: 2Page Ref: 193 44) In linguistics, a(n) ________ is a large and structured set of texts prepared for the purpose of conducting knowledge discovery. Answer: corpus Diff: 1Page Ref: 193 45) ________ is the process of reducing inflected words to their base or root form. Answer: Stemming Diff: 1Page Ref: 193 46) ________ words or noise words are words that are filtered out prior to or after processing of natural language data. Answer: Stop Diff: 1Page Ref: 193 47) The term â€Å"stop-words† are used by text mining to ________ commonly used words.Answer: eliminate Diff: 2Page Ref: 193 48) ________ is an important component of text mining and is a subfield of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. It stud ies the problem of understanding the natural human language. Answer: Natural language processing (NLP) Diff: 1Page Ref: 196 49) ________ analysis is a technique used to detect favorable and unfavorable opinions toward specific products and services using textual data sources, such as customer feedback in Web postings and the detection of unfavorable rumors. Answer: Sentiment Diff: 2Page Ref: 197 0) At a very high level, the first of three consecutive tasks in the text mining process is to establish the ________, which is a list of organized documents. Answer: corpus Diff: 1Page Ref: 207 51) In the text mining process, the output of task two is a flat file called a ________ matrix where the cells are populated with the term frequencies. Answer: term-document Diff: 3Page Ref: 207 52) One of the main approaches to text classification is ________ in which an expert's knowledge is encoded into the system either declaratively or in the form of procedural classification rules.Answer: knowl edge engineering Diff: 2Page Ref: 211 53) A(n) ________ is one or more Web pages that provide a collection of links to authoritative pages. Answer: hub Diff: 1Page Ref: 219 54) ________ mining is the process of extracting useful information from the links embedded in Web documents. Answer: Web structure Diff: 2Page Ref: 219 55) ________ mining is the extraction of useful information from data generated through Web page visits and transactions. Answer: Web usage Diff: 2Page Ref: 220 56) Analysis of the information collected by Web servers can help better understand user behavior.Analysis of this data is called ________ analysis. Answer: clickstream Diff: 2Page Ref: 220 57) ________ applications focus on â€Å"who and how† questions by gathering and reporting direct feedback from site visitors, by benchmarking against other sites and offline channels, and by supporting predictive modeling of future visitor behavior. Answer: Voice of Customer Diff: 2Page Ref: 224 58) Web analyti cs, CEM, and VOC applications form the foundation of the Web site ________ ecosystem that supports the online business' ability to positively influence desired outcomes. Answer: optimization Diff: 2Page Ref: 224 9) The ________ model, which is one where multiple sources of data describing the same population are integrated to increase the depth and richness of the resulting analysis, forms the framework of the Web site optimization ecosystem. Answer: convergent validation Diff: 3Page Ref: 225 60) Fundamental to the optimization process is ________, gathering data and information that can then be transformed into tangible analysis and recommendations for improvement using Web mining tools and techniques. Answer: measurement Diff: 3Page Ref: 225 61) Compare and contrast text mining and data mining.Answer: Text mining is the semi-automated process of extracting patterns (useful information and knowledge) from large amounts of unstructured data sources. Data mining is the process of ide ntifying valid, novel, potentially useful, and understandable patterns in data stored in structured databases, where the data are organized in records structured by categorical, ordinal, or continuous variables. Text mining is the same as data mining in that it has the same purpose and uses the same processes, but with text mining the input to the process is a collection of unstructured data files such as Word documents, PDF files, and so on.Diff: 2Page Ref: 192 62) Why will computers probably not be able to understand natural language the same way and with the same accuracy that humans do? Answer: Natural human language is vague for computers to understand; and a true understanding of meaning requires extensive knowledge of a topic beyond what is in the words, sentences, and paragraphs. Diff: 1Page Ref: 196 63) NLP has successfully been applied to a variety of tasks via computer programs to automatically process natural human language that previously could only be done by humans.Li st three of the most popular of these tasks. Answer: Any three of the following: †¢Information retrieval. The science of searching for relevant documents, finding specific information within them, and generating metadata as to their contents. †¢Information extraction. A type of information retrieval whose goal is to automatically extract structured information from a certain domain, using machine-readable documents. †¢Question answering. The task of automatically answering a question posed in natural language; that is, producing a human-language answer when given a human-language question. Automatic summarization. The creation of a shortened version of a text document by a computer program that contains the most important points of the document. †¢Natural language generation. Systems convert information from computer databases into readable human language. †¢Natural language understanding. Systems convert samples of human language into more formal representa tions that are easier for computer programs to manipulate. †¢Machine translation. The automatic translation of one human language to another. †¢Foreign language reading. A computer program that assists a onnative language speaker to read a foreign language. †¢Foreign language writing. A computer program that assists a nonnative language user in writing in a foreign language. †¢Speech recognition. Converts spoken words to machine-readable input. †¢Text-to-speech. A computer program converts normal language text into human speech. †¢Text proofing. A computer program reads a proof copy of a text in order to detect and correct any errors. †¢Optical character recognition. The automatic translation of images of handwritten, typewritten, or printed text.Diff: 2Page Ref: 199 64) Describe a marketing application of text mining. Answer: Text mining can be used to increase cross-selling and up-selling by analyzing the unstructured data generated by call cente rs. Text generated by call-center notes as well as transcriptions of voice conversations with customers can be analyzed by text mining algorithms to extract novel, actionable information about customers' perceptions toward a company's products and services. Text mining is valuable for customer relationship management (CRM).Companies can use text mining to analyze unstructured text data, combined with the relevant structured data extracted from organizational databases, to predict customer perceptions and subsequent purchasing behavior. Diff: 2Page Ref: 200 65) What is the primary purpose of text mining within the context of knowledge discovery? Answer: The primary purpose of text mining within the context of knowledge discovery is to process unstructured (textual) data along with structured data, if relevant to the problem, to extract meaningful and actionable patterns for better decision making.Diff: 1Page Ref: 206 66) Diagram and explain the three-step text mining process. Answer: See Figure 5. 5 in the textbook. Diff: 2Page Ref: 207 67) List two options for managing or reducing the dimensionality (size) of the term-document matrix (TDM). Answer: †¢A domain expert goes through the list of terms and eliminates those that do not make much sense for the context of the study. †¢Eliminate terms with very few occurrences in very few documents. †¢Transform the matrix using singular value decomposition. Diff: 3Page Ref: 210 8) What are three of the challenges for effective and efficient knowledge discovery posed by the Web? Answer: The Web is too big for effective data mining. Because of the sheer size of the Web, it is not feasible to set up a data warehouse to replicate, store, and integrate all of the data on the Web, making data collection and integration a challenge. The Web is too complex. The complexity of a Web page is far greater than a page in a traditional text document collection. Web pages lack a unified structure.The Web is too dynamic. The Web is a highly dynamic information source. Not only does the Web grow rapidly, but its content is constantly being updated. The Web is not specific to a domain. The Web serves a broad diversity of communities and connects billions of workstations. Web users have very different backgrounds, interests, and usage purposes. The Web has everything. Only a small portion of the information on the Web is truly relevant or useful to someone or some task. Diff: 2Page Ref: 217 9) Define the three main areas of Web mining and each area's source of information. Answer: Web content mining refers to the extraction of useful information from Web pages. Source: unstructured textual content of the Web pages, usually in HTML format. Web structure mining is the process of extracting useful information from the links embedded in Web documents. Source: the URL links contained in the Web pages. Web usage mining is the extraction of useful information from data generated through Web page visits and tr ansactions.Source: the detailed description of a Web site's visits. Diff: 2Page Ref: 218 70) List three business applications of Web mining. Answer: 1. Determine the lifetime value of clients. 2. Design cross-marketing strategies across products. 3. Evaluate promotional campaigns. 4. Target electronic ads and coupons at user groups based on user access patterns. 5. Predict user behavior based on previously learned rules and users' profiles. 6. Present dynamic information to users based on their interests and profiles. Diff: 2Page Ref: 221

Analysis Of The Pathophysiological Framework Of Dilated...

Dilated Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy is the deterioration of muscles within the heart which in turn causes the heart to become thick, rigid or enlarged; this physiological change causes decreased contractility and may lead to arrhythmias or heart failure (VanMeter and Hubert, 2013). In the case study, the client is a seven-year-old girl from Chetwynd who is recently diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy. When she was ten months old, she underwent a heart transplant for her hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a complex and rare heart defect that is congenital, or present at birth, in which the left side of the heart is severely underdeveloped. The left ventricle is not functional and therefore the left side†¦show more content†¦The rapid degeneration of myocardial fibers and diffuse inflammation lead to ventricular dilation and hypertrophy which cause atrial enlargement and stasis of blood in the left ventricle (Park, 2008). The enlargement of the remaining heart chambers is mainly due to left ventricular failure, but it may also be secondary to the primary cardiomyopathic process. Dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with both systolic and diastolic dysfunctions, with decreased systolic function being the predominant abnormality (Parker, 2008). This dysfunction leads to decreased contractility and general contractile dysfunction (Parker, 2008). Progressive dilation can lead to significant mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, which may further decrease the cardiac output and increase end-systolic volumes and ventricular wall stress. In turn, this leads to further dilation and myocardial dysfunction (Friedberg, 2008). Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type of heart muscle disease in pediatrics (Chow, Ateah, Scott, Ricci, Kyle, 2013). Dilated cardiomyopathy can be a life threatening condition and can decrease life expectancy if severe damage occurs. Currently, the five-year survival rate for children diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy is between forty and eighty percent. The survival rate decreases if they child is diagnosed at five years or older (Friedberg, 2008). Diagnosis Diagnosis methods